内容提要
序
心目中的工艺大师
“大师”之词，原本神圣。谓大师者，凤毛麟角。
然而，时下的我国民间工艺界，单就正统命名的“工艺美术大师”，就有地市、省区乃至全国等多种级别。既已普而用之，我之见，称谓的命名，为免流俗，乃应以信守高的标准、坚持严的要求，为佳！
什么是“大师”？有云，指学说上做出“承前启后，继往开来”之人。
在我熟知的朋友中，操艺东阳木雕的黄小明先生，是位“承前启后、继往开来”的能工巧匠，也是位我心目中当然的中国工艺美术大师。
黄小明诞生于中国木雕之乡的浙江东阳，为浙江省工艺美术大师，也是浙江省非物质文化遗产的传承人之一。此外，多多的艺术桂冠，更使他光环闪闪、荣誉多多！
应该说，“启后”是为“开来”， “继往”就要“承前”。初识黄小明，见他一表人才、仪貌堂堂，进而交之，方觉才华出众、气象万千。倘以八字论之，可谓“年轻有为，后生可畏”。 特别是，“有为”在他传统上的“承前、继往”， “可畏”在创新上的“启后、开来”！
他自幼聪慧、勤奋。十六岁始学艺，师从中国工艺美术大师冯文土先生，后入浙江工艺美校就学。由于前受传统之滋养，后受现代美学之熏陶，故奠定了他在“承前”范畴的基础功力与“开来”领域的拓展力度。
东阳木雕初现唐朝佛像，后见宋、元木版刻印之中，曾用于建筑、家具，而兴盛于明清两代。自民国起，产品波及南洋。新中国成立后，随万业之复兴，规模逐一扩大。直至改革开放三十余年，木雕造型的飞禽走兽、奇花异草、帝王将相、才子佳人等等，因与建筑装饰、日用家具的完美结合，更是饮誉神州、遍及全球，东阳木雕再展艺术之魅力。
近三十年来，黄先生正以其技艺娴熟的东阳木雕，游艺于我国庙宇殿堂、园林厅馆。无论室内装潢，还是家具摆设，其木雕皆有独到的构思创意与特定的艺术风采。在百花盛开的大师艺苑里，他的作品，无论是《立根搏云》、《天籁胜境》，还是《春夏秋冬》《乾隆宝座》，或《香山九老图》或《九龙图》等的神能妙逸之作，皆可谓精彩纷呈，迎来了他的硕果满园！
于此，我亦想撷花两朵，各表一枝，说长论短，一吐为快。
之一，在极具传统的题材里，有幅看似寻常的作品《天籁胜境》，值得品读。作者的介绍是“茫茫丛林之中，孔雀展开了美丽羽毛显露本色，千姿百态的百鸟紧围着孔雀。鸟语花香，绿意盎然，形成了自然界的和谐韵律，奏出的是天籁般的美妙之音。”这里，且不说赋予读者的那种和睦自然、宁静世界的精神指向，单就在东阳木雕的技艺上，我将它视为黄先生在“承前”功夫上的经典代表。作品结构布局的严谨、花鸟造型雕刻的精确，通过深浅、镂空、圆浮雕等的细腻演绎，一定程度上做到了尽善尽美，可谓美不胜收。君若亲视，即知此评并非溢美之词；且可略窥黄先生作为大师，在“承前”上不凡的传统功力！
之二，此品格，兴许是件不为人们注目的四条屏。它同是以传统中常见的题材出现。除一屏表现群鹿之外，其余是农家长见的鸡、鸭与水牛。作品运用了薄浮雕形式，但又不迷恋于固有东阳木雕的传统技艺，备有熟练的刀工，但又不醉心于演绎繁密的雕凿。它突破东阳木雕的繁丽，而为简约；采用了现代构成的布局原理，浮雕景物，予以压缩，近趋平面；花草枝叶赋以垂线处理，又与云气水波的横线相织，使构图简洁明晰、画面清新淡雅，从而开拓了一种充满意趣的当代审美。此作品之所以能引发我的兴致，在于它开创了一条别于传统的东阳木雕之路，而成了又不失东阳风味的“新东阳”。此乃不愧为“承前”之后的“开来”之作。
也许正是以上的多面成功，2006年，黄小明摘取了“浙江省民间艺术家”的桂冠。我以为，今天的民间艺术家，绝非昔日的民间艺人。旧时民间从艺，多为匠人，那是时代的局限。当下自不可同日而语。我以为，“匠”与“家”有很大区别：“匠”，唯技术，眼低手高，艺易满足，“家”，重境界，眼高手低，艺无止境；“匠”，把技术当目的，以技术的比武，见高低，“家”视技术为手段，以技术的含量，反映精神的内核；“匠”的作品，多为传承的复制与加工，而“家”的作品，强调开拓的原创与立新，此为一。二是“家”要“四会”：一会做，是动手制作的巧匠；二会看，是鉴赏艺术的行家；三会讲，是能说会道的高手；四会写，谓书写论理的能人。
我欣喜地看到，黄小明正是动手、鉴赏、能说、会写之“四会”里手。凡读其著作的都知晓，他的摄影、速写俱佳，且善吟诗、作文，还曾传承办学，实在是个多面手！
我一直以为，在我国年轻一代的工艺美术大师和民间艺人中，黄小明他不仅愧是，一位名副其实的民间艺术家，更是我心目中真正的工艺美术大师！！
日前，中国美术学院教授宋浩霖，令我为黄小明先生的《黄小明木雕》写序。现遵嘱写上几句，还请专家、读者斧正。
高照
辛卯年二月于杭州
(作者系《美术报》原副总编）
THE GREAT MASTER OF CRAFTS ART IN MY HEART
The“Great master” is a sacred word originally.The one who was known as great master is very rare.
However,in today’s our country of folk craft industry,only “the great master of folk craft” as formal named, there are many levels such as city, province,and countrywide. Since it has been widely applied,I think the best way is we ought to insist high standard,and avoid conventional pattern.
Who can be known as great master?they are the man who has make a great contribution to theory.
All the friends of mine,Sir Huang xiaoming who devote himself to Dongyang woodcarving,is a skillful craftsman carry forward our cause and forge ahead into the future,and of course he is the arts and crafts master of China in my heart.
Sir Huang xiaoming was born in the countryside of woodcarving of Zhejiang Dongyang,he is the master of arts and crafts of Zhejiang,and he is one of the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage of Zhejiang.Besides,many other art crown let him shine long with a number glories.
It can be said as this:enlighten future is for developping our tomorrow, carring on before we must inheit the past.The time I meet Huang xiaoming,feeling he is a man of strikingappearance.
After we are familiar with each other,I knew he has a talent and ability above the average.If I summarize this with a few word,it may be “young and promising,and the younger generation will surpass the older”. Especially, promising with his inheit the past in tradition, formidableness with enlighten future at innovation.
He is intelligent and diligent as young. He engaged in woodcarving art at sixteen,learn art with the teacher Sir Feng wentu ,who was a arts and crafts master of China.and later studied in school of Zhejiang art and crafts.because he first influenced by traditional of masters,and second nurtured by modern aesthetics,all this provided the foundation for his substruction of inheit the past,and vigor of expanding the future.
Dongyang woodcarving was first appeared in joss of Tang Dynasty,and later appeared in marker boards of Song and Yuan Dynasty.Once it was used in construction and house furnishings,and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasty.Form the Republic of China（1912-1949）on,it started developing export trade,and spreaded to southeast Asia. After new China was founded,along with the resurging of kinds of business,the dimensions of it is gradually expanded.Up to
Reform and Opening more than 30 years,the Dongyang woodcarving’s sculpt such as birds and animals, exotic flowers and herbs,emperors and generals,gifted scholars and beautiful ladies and so on,because of the perfect match with architectural ornament and daily furnitures,has a influence throughout domestic and overseas. Dongyang woodcarving show it artistic charming again.
For almost three decades,Sir Huang migrated in our temple and palace,garden and hall with his skilled artistic attainments of Dongyang woodcarving.Nomatter upholstery or Furnishings,his woodcarving has his creative conception and unique art style.At this time of masters like the garden full of blooming flowers,his works,such as ,,or like ,,or ,or ,and so on.This talented works were so unusually brilliant,that they gain many awards for him.
Hereof,I want to take two examples,analyse it one by one,getting it off my chest.
First,there is a work named worthing to read in traditional theme,Which seem like common.The author told me,this work express us that:at the boundless and indistinct underwood,a peacock show us her beautiful feather; many other birds are around the peacock,rest or play.This frames perfectly draw the outline of the ecological beauty with harmony.We can first do not say it give readers that spiritual direction of harmony and a peaceful world; we can only talking about it at technical,I see it as the classical work of his learning from the past.This work has a rigorous structural depth,the birds and flowers was carved exactly.By means of exquisite deduct such as the change of deep and shallow, hollow out,and tondo.If you have seen it by youself,you can know the valuation like this is not excessive praising.It follows that Sir Huang have extraordinary traditional power at learning from the past as a master.
Second,the work has used the form of thin relief,yet he was not indulged in the traditional artistry of Dongyang woodcarving;He has a skillful cutting technique,but not rapt in deducting dense chisel.This wok break through Dongyang woodcarving ‘s flowery,extremely contracted.It adopt layout of modern compose, emboss scenery,and compress it,almost approach to plane; Branches and leaves and flowers and plants are disposed with perpendicular,and cross with transverse lines of floating clouds and ripples, they make the composition of picture concise and clear,frame pure and fresh quietly elegant,thereby reclaim a contemporary aesthetic of art.This work initiated my interest ,for it has initiated a way for Dongyang woodcarving which different from tradition,and shaped of a new “Dongyang”without “Dongyang”.This can be taken as a very worthy work which learning from past and devolping future.
Maybe just because the multiaspect success above,year 2006,Sir Huang xiaoming acquired the laurel of “The folk artist of Zhejiang”. To my way of thinking,the folk artist of today is not the fork artist of the past.Old days, the fork artists are most craftsman,this is the limit of times,now certainly can not be mentioned in the same breath.My view, there are many differents between “craftsman” with “artist”,the craftsmen are partial to technique, have grandiose aims but puny abilities, easy to satisfy with themselves.the artist see technique as a means,take the content of technique to reflect the core of spirit.The works of craftsman,are most Inheritance works’ copy and machining;However, the works of artist emphasize developing of innovation,this is the first different.The second is ,the artist must have four skills:One is do ,as a sapiential craftsman,who do it by himself;Two is see,as an expert,who can appreciate art professional;Three is speak,as a past master who have the gift of gab;Four is write,as a man who write well and have a logical elaborative faculty.
I am glad to see that the do things,appreciation,speaking and writing are the superiorities of Huang xiaoming.The one who reading his works can know that,his skill of take a photograph and sketch are very well, has the skill of reciting poems and write the articles,besides,he is skilled in inheriting run a school,he is a really a multiaspect.
I''ve always thought that,at the young Crafts and Artisan Masters,at the young folk artisan in our country,Huang xiaoming is not only a folk artisan who come into his own,and also a really Crafts and Artisan Master in my heart.
A few days ago,the professor Song haolin of The China Academy of Art let me write a preface for .Now I observe his appoint to write a few words,welcome specialists and readers make corrections.
February,2011, Hangzhou
|
